A type of sudden-onset cardiogenic pulmonary edema triggered by an acute physiological stressor (e.g., ischemia, drugs, acute valvular dysfunction, tachyarrhythmia). Most commonly occurs in patients with hypertension and in such cases is considered a type of hypertensive emergency. The resulting sympathetic activation increases afterload and preload, thereby creating a vicious cycle of worsening forward flow and pulmonary edema.