Wallenberg syndrome (Lateral medullary syndrome)

Wallenberg syndrome is a neurological condition caused by a lateral medullary infarction, which results from occlusion of either the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) or branches of the vertebral artery. For this reason, it is also referred to as lateral medulla syndrome or PICA syndrome. Symptoms include ipsilateral Horner syndrome, palate weakness, hemiataxia, and contralateral sensory disturbances. Management is supportive, and may include swallowing and speech therapy, as well as a feeding tube in some cases.

• Ischemic occlusion of the:
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
  • Vertebral artery

Clinical features		Structure affected
Ipsilateral	Dysphagia ↓ Gag reflex Hoarseness, dysphonia	Nucleus ambiguus motoric nucleus
	Ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia	Inferior cerebellar peduncle
	Horner syndrome Uncontrollable hiccups	Sympathetic fibers
	Nystagmus, diplopia Vertigo (with falling towards the same side of the lesion) → vomiting	Vestibular nuclei
	Loss of pain and temperature in the face	Trigeminothalamic tract (sensory)
Contralateral	Loss of pain and temperature in the trunk and limbs	Lateral spinothalamic tract (sensory)

References:^[1][2]